Canine Coat Color Genetics Calculator
Predict puppy coat colors using advanced genetic analysis
Dog coat color is determined by multiple genes working together in complex ways. Each parent contributes one allele from each gene locus, and the combination determines the puppy’s phenotype (observable color). This calculator analyzes five major loci that control most coat color variations in dogs.
The Extension locus controls whether dark pigment can be produced. Dogs with two ‘e’ alleles (ee) will be yellow/red regardless of other genes, as they cannot produce eumelanin (dark pigment). This is why some Labradors are yellow despite having genes for black or chocolate.
The Dominant Black locus determines whether a dog will be solid colored or show patterns. The KB allele produces solid black dogs (when E is present), overriding the A locus. Only dogs with kyky can express agouti patterns.
The Agouti locus controls pigment distribution patterns. It creates sable (ay), wild-type agouti (aw), tan points (at), and recessive black (a). This locus only shows its effects when the dog has kyky at the K locus.
The Brown locus determines whether eumelanin appears black or brown. Dogs with BB or Bb have black pigment, while bb dogs have brown/chocolate pigment. This affects nose, paw pads, and eye color as well as coat.
The Dilution locus controls color intensity. DD and Dd dogs have normal color intensity, while dd dogs have diluted colors: black becomes blue/gray, brown becomes isabella/lilac, and red becomes cream.
This calculator helps breeders predict coat color outcomes before breeding. By knowing the genotypes of both parents, you can:
- Plan litters to achieve specific color goals
- Avoid unexpected color combinations
- Maintain breed standards for color
- Make informed decisions about breeding pairs
Remember that genetic testing is the most accurate way to determine a dog’s genotype, as phenotype alone can be misleading due to epistatic interactions between genes.
While this calculator covers the major coat color genes, several factors can influence the final result:
- Additional modifier genes not included in this calculation
- Environmental factors affecting color expression
- Age-related color changes (many puppies change color as they mature)
- Breed-specific variations in gene expression
- White spotting patterns (S locus) not calculated here
For the most accurate predictions, consider genetic testing through veterinary laboratories that can identify specific alleles present in your breeding dogs.