What is Voltage Drop?

Voltage drop is the reduction in electrical potential along a conductor carrying current. It occurs due to the resistance in the wire and can affect the performance of electrical devices if not properly accounted for. Excessive voltage drop can lead to equipment malfunction, overheating, and energy inefficiency.

How to use the Voltage Drop Calculator?

1. System Voltage: Enter the nominal voltage of your electrical system (e.g., 120V, 240V, 480V).

2. Current: Input the expected current draw of the circuit in amperes.

3. Power Factor: Enter the power factor of the load. If unknown, use the default value of 0.8.

4. Conductor Material: Select either copper or aluminum for the wire material.

5. Conductor Size: Enter the wire size in AWG (American Wire Gauge) or mm² (square millimeters).

6. Conduit Type: Choose the type of conduit used (PVC, steel, or aluminum).

7. Cable Length: Enter the total length of the cable run in feet or meters.

8. Phase: Select single-phase or three-phase system.

9. Ambient Temperature: Input the expected ambient temperature in degrees Celsius.

10. Calculate: Click the “Calculate Voltage Drop” button to get your results. The calculator will then display the voltage drop in volts and as a percentage of the system voltage. It also provides a brief explanation of the results, including whether the voltage drop is within acceptable limits (generally less than 3% for most applications).

This tool is valuable for electricians, engineers, and DIY enthusiasts to ensure proper wire sizing for electrical installations. It helps prevent issues related to excessive voltage drop, such as dim lights, poor motor performance, or overheating of conductors. By using this calculator, you can optimize your electrical design for efficiency and safety.